Methods, systems, and computer program product for implementing expert assessment of a product

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are method(s), system(s), and computer program product(s) for implementing expert assessment of a product. Some embodiments are directed at improved methods, systems, and computer program product form implementing expert assessment of product fixes/patches or upgrade. In some embodiments, the method or the system identifies or receives information regarding a client system on which the product runs and a reasoning rule for the expert assessment; analyzes the received or identified information based upon the reasoning rule; and determines the expert assessment based on the result of the act of analyzing the information. In some embodiments, the method or the system further comprises optimizing the expert assessment based on other information; determining whether the determination of the expert assessment is deterministic; and determining whether or not there exists a conflict in the expert assessment.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

Certain aspects in some embodiments of this Application are related to and disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 12/350,217 which is entitled “METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR AUTOMATICALLY CATEGORIZING DEFECTS” filed on Jan. 7, 2009, the content of which is incorporated by reference in entirety in this Application.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material, which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

BACKGROUND

Some embodiments of the invention relate to technologies for automatically classifying defects and issues. Some embodiments of the invention relate to method(s), system(s), and computer program product for implementing expert assessment technologies on product defect or upgrades. Some embodiments relate to method(s), system(s), and computer program product(s) for automatic classification of defects and/or issues of a piece of software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

Various embodiments as disclosed below use computer program(s) and/or software application(s) as examples for illustration purposes. These examples are presented for the ease of explanation and illustration and do not intend to limit the scope of various embodiments of the invention.

During a typical development cycle of a product such as a piece of computer software, developers and/or programmers often fix errors, mistakes, faults, failures, flaws, bugs, or undesirable features (collectively defects) as they are found during the development or maintenance cycle and distribute the fixes for such defects in the form of new versions or releases of the software or patches. For the software development team, it may be desirable to know the patterns or trends of the defects. For example, the product development or maintenance team may also be interested to know whether the defect of interest. For example, such patterns or trends of defects may be used so as to prioritize various tasks in the development or maintenance of the software and properly allocate resources accordingly. Such patterns or trends of defects may also be used for reporting purposes. Another use of such patterns or trends of defects is for continuous improvement of the software product and for quality assurance.

In order to better access information or data related to these defects, the details, metadata, bug report(s), and/or diagnostic data about these defects are often stored in some forms of data structures such as in database(s), table(s), spreadsheet(s), or list(s) (collectively database). The members of the software development or maintenance team often track, open, investigate, fix, and then close such defects by accessing such a database. Nonetheless, such information or data related to these defects are often stored in an unstructured manner format in this type of database. Here, such stored information or data may be “unstructured” even though they may characterized as structured as is commonly understood where the structure of such stored information or data is not sufficiently helpful for the desired debugging and bug-fixing tasks. What further clutter the storage of such information or data is that such information or data are often stored with other types of administrative data. This would further reduce the usefulness of such “databases” for these defects.

Often, such information or data may comprise dates, snippets of log and trace files, comments of engineers or customers, error messages generated by the software product, responses from customers, etc. Therefore, the developers or programmers have to go through a lot of information or data in order to properly assess the impact of a defect. Nonetheless, the impact of a defect may encompass one and more often several functional areas. Therefore, the software development or maintenance team needs to categorize each defect so as to prepare the information or data received for analysis to better understand the patterns or trends of defects.

On the other hand, categorization or classification of defects often require a substantial amount of time and effort of one or more skilled programmers or engineers in order to better understand the impact of the defect of interest and/or what functional area(s) is (are) affected. As a result, engineers often manually categorize such defects. Such a manual process is not only prone to error but also wastes a lot of resources.

To further exacerbate the problem with the aforementioned manual process, for large software project, there may exist many such defects which need to analyzed and/or fixed. This further hinders the aforementioned manual process for categorizing the defects.

In addition, even if the aforementioned manual process were to be possible the result of the categorization may change over time as new defects are found which may change the patterns or trends that are previously determined based on old defects. Therefore, the engineers may be required to repeatedly perform successive passes over time in order to correctly categorize the defects and to generate correct patterns or trends of the defects of the software product. This requirement of repeated performance of successive passes thus renders the manual process of the defects even more unlikely.

In addition to the categorization and assessment of patterns or trends of defects, the fixes of the defects may often be incorporated into future releases of the products. The fixes of the defects may also be incorporated into one or more patches to provide the fixes to the current installed base which may be widespread among many customers using different versions of the product on different platforms such as some hardware like computers and/or concurrently running software like operating systems.

Similarly, as time elapses and new releases of the software product are released, customers of the current installed base may desire or may be encouraged to adopt new versions of the software product for various reasons. For example, the customers may decide to adopt the new releases to take advantage of the new features and functionality of the new releases. As another example, the customers may decide to adopt the new releases because the support or warranty for their existing versions may be expiring. Often, these customers may have already had patches applied to their current versions of the software product. These customers usually engage in upgrade planning where the customers decide to change to a newer version of the software product on possibly different platforms running possibly different operation systems from their current ones.

Such an upgrade planning is of critical importance because it may eliminate unnecessary downtime and loss of productivity. For the upgrade planning, the customers may need to be able to determine what patch(es) they have already installed. The customers may need to determine what defects have not been fix on their current installed base for which fixes are available in certain versions of the patch(es). The customers may also need to determine what defects are not fixed yet so no patch is available. The customers may also wish to know what defects have already been fixed in the desired releases on their target platforms running certain operating systems.

The customers may also wish to know what defects have been fixed, but there are currently no patches available for their current choice of platforms and operation systems. Note that patches for defects are often produced on an as needed basis and may not be uniformly available for all versions and platform/operation system at the same time. Generally, the more defects to be fixed the longer the lead-time may be. Also, the more combinations of platforms and operation systems to apply the patches to the longer the lead-time may be. This information may be important to the customers because there may be a lead-time associated with the requesting, building, and distributing patches to fix certain defects for a particular platform running a particular operating system. This lead-time information may be crucial for the customers' upgrade planning.

Currently, it is almost necessary for customers to submit their inventory of patches and perhaps context information in a form of a request such as a service request for a formal analysis or to some support personnel such as product support engineers or customer support engineers for an informal analysis to determine the status of patches in the target version(s) of the product(s) and the combination(s) of platform and operating system that the customers would like to adopt. A customer often considers one or more target versions of the product and one or more combinations of the platform and operating system as a part of the upgrade strategy. Nonetheless, the current formal analysis in response to a service request or informal analysis by the support personnel is time consuming and expensive. These analyses are also prone to human error, and the results are typically highly dependent upon the level of skills of the support personnel for, for example, interpreting possibly conflicting or ambiguous data regarding the availability of fixes and patches.

Therefore, one of the several advantages of some embodiments is directed at methods, systems, and computer program product for automatically classifying defects. Another advantage of the several advantages of some embodiments is directed at methods, systems, and computer program product for analyzing and reporting patch status. Another advantage of the several advantages of some embodiments is directed at methods, systems, and computer program product for implementing defect fixes upgrade expert assessment system.

SUMMARY

What is disclosed is a method, system, or a computer program product for implementing expert assessment of a product. The method comprises identifying or receiving information regarding a client system; identifying or receiving a reasoning rule for the expert assessment; analyzing the information regarding the client system based at least in part upon the reasoning rule; determining the expert assessment based at least in part upon a result of the act of analyzing the information regarding the client system; and displaying the expert assessment or storing the expert assessment in a computer readable medium.

DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

The drawings illustrate the design and utility of preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the figures are not drawn to scale and that elements of similar structures or functions are represented by like reference numerals throughout the figures. In order to better appreciate how the above-recited and other advantages and objects of the present inventions are obtained, a more particular description of the present inventions briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a high level block diagram for the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade.

FIG. 2 illustrates more details of the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade.

FIG. 3 illustrates more details of the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade.

FIG. 4 illustrates more details of the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade.

FIG. 5 illustrates more details of the preprocessing module of the system or the preprocessing process of the method for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade.

FIG. 6 illustrates more details of the further processing module of the system or the further processing process of the method for implementing expert assessment of defect fixes upgrade.

FIG. 7 illustrates the information which may be utilized as an input for the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade.

FIG. 8 depicts a computerized system on which a method for implementing expert assessment of a product may be implemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments described in the Specification use examples involving a computer software product merely for the ease of explanation or for illustration purposes and do not intend to limit the scope of various embodiments to computer software product only. One of ordinary skills in the art would clearly understand that the written description of various embodiments herein may also be applied to other types of products while achieving identical or substantially similar purposes.

Various embodiments are directed at an improved method, system, and computer program product for implementing expert assessment of a product. Some embodiments are directed at improved methods, systems, and computer program product form implementing expert assessment of product fixes/patches or upgrade. In some embodiments, the method or the system identifies or receives information such as a service request or a bug report regarding a client system on which the product runs and a reasoning rule for the expert assessment. In some embodiments, the method or the system then analyzes the received or identified information based upon the reasoning rule.

In some embodiments, the method or the system then determines the expert assessment regarding the fixes or patches in response to the information received or identified form the client based on the result of the act of analyzing the information. In some embodiments, the method or the system further comprises optimizing the expert assessment based on other information. In some embodiments, the method or the system further comprises determining whether the determination of the expert assessment is deterministic. In some embodiments, the method or the system further comprises determining whether or not there exists a conflict in the expert assessment.

Referring to FIG. 1 which illustrates a high level block diagram for the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade. At 102, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade identifies or receives information or data regarding a client system on which the product is running in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the information or data comprise inventory list of the client's platform. In some embodiments, the inventory comprises the client's platform on which the product is running. For example, the inventory may comprise Sin Microsystems® SPARC Enterprise M8000 server or an IBM® System z9™ Business Class mainframe.

In some embodiments, the inventory comprises information or data about the components at various granularity levels for the client's platform. In some embodiments where the method or the system employs an expert system or a knowledge system rather than some problem solving logic, the method or the system may require some knowledge about the various components of the platform in order for the reasoning or inference to proceed. In some embodiments, the inventory comprises the version(s) or release(s) of the operating system together with which the product runs on the client's platform. In some embodiments, the inventory comprises version of the product or versions (collectively current version) of various parts of the product (collectively current product) which is currently running on the client's platform.

In some embodiments, the information or data comprise information about the future product (collectively target information) that the client may be acquiring or obtaining. In some embodiments, the target information comprises one or more target versions of the product or versions (collectively target version) of various parts of the future product (collective target product) that the client desires to acquire. That is, the client may wish to choose certain versions of certain components and other versions of other components for the target product. In some embodiments, the target information comprises the target version(s) of the operation system(s) together with which the product runs on the target platform. In some embodiments, the target information comprises context information which may further aid the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade. For example, the context information comprises information about other components installed on the client's platform which are not part of the product but may cause incompatibility, conflicts, or other issues with the target version or the target product. In some embodiments, the information or data comprise specific instructions which may come from either the client or the product supplier.

At 104, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of defect fixes or upgrade identifies one or more databases, tables, lists, or other data structures (collectively database) for persisting data in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade utilizes the database to persist resultant data obtained from the method or system. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade utilizes the database to persist the information received from the client. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of defect fixes or upgrade tracks defects identified for various versions of the product in the database.

At 106, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade receives one or more rules regarding the expert assessment of product defect or upgrade in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the one or more rules are persisted in a database. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more rules is devised by expert(s) having detailed knowledge of one or more databases comprising metadata for defects found for various versions of the product. In some embodiments, a rule comprises a status code, a flag indicator, or a combination of both.

In some embodiments, the database comprising the one or more rules comprises a rule base or a knowledge base. In some embodiments, the database may also comprise related expertise or expert knowledge for expert assessment of product defect or upgrade. In these embodiments, the database may be the first one to be worked on and will be expanded when the method or the system does not produce desirable or desired results. In some of these embodiments, the database may be expanded without modifying or re-codifying the one or more programs that work along side the database to generate expert assessment of product defect or upgrade.

In some embodiments, the related expertise or expert knowledge for expert assessment of defect and upgrade may be codified, rather than in a database, in one or more programs or decision logic for a problem solving process or system. In some of these embodiments, the one or more programs or decision logic may be modified when the method or the system does not generate or produce desirable or desired results. In some embodiments, the expertise or expert knowledge for expert assessment of product defect or upgrade are codified in both the database and one or more programs of the problem solving process or system.

In some of these embodiments, the database, the one or more programs or decision logic, or both may be modified when the method or the system does not generate or produce desirable or desired results in the expert assessment of product defect or upgrade. In some embodiments, the one or more rules constitute one or more inference rules which may be used to mimic a decision logic process or system, a decision of an expert, or an expert reasoning process in implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade.

At 108, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade analyzes the information or data identified or received at 102 based on the one or more rules in some embodiments. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more rules assimilates to a tree data structure with one or more goals or conclusions and also with a plurality of branches where the plurality of branches represents possible reasoning paths leading to the one or more goals. In some embodiments, each of the one or more rules assimilates a tree data structure with one or more goals or conclusions, and the plurality of trees assimilate a “forest” of tree data structures for the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade.

In some embodiments, a leaf of a tree structure represents an evidence node which obtains information by asking questions. In these embodiments, the answers may comprise definitive answers such as “yes”, “no”, numerical values, or text strings. The answer may also comprise non-definitive answers such as “maybe”. In some embodiments, a leaf of a tree structure may represent an external node obtain data from a procedure call. In some embodiments, a leaf may also represent a reference function which refers to another tree or part of a tree. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade also comprises a referencing mechanism for one rule to reference another rule. In some embodiments, the referencing mechanism is built into the rule base or the database containing the one or more rules.

At 110, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade performs expert assessment of the product defect or upgrade. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade performs the expert assessment of product defect or upgrade based at least in part upon the analysis result at 108.

In some embodiments, the expert assessment comprises a report that is particularly tailored for the client in response to the information received at 102. In some embodiments, the expert assessment comprises a list of patches available for the client based on the current version of the product and the current version of the client's platform and operation system. In some embodiments, the expert assessment comprises a list of patches available for the client based on the target version of product, the client's platform, and operation system.

In some embodiments, the expert assessment comprises a suggestion or a recommendation for client's upgrade strategy or upgrade planning. For example, the expert assessment may comprise recommended product version based at least in part upon the target version(s) of the client's platform(s) on which the target version of the product runs and/or the version(s) of the operating system together with which the target version of the product runs. More details of the expert assessment will be described in subsequent paragraphs.

At 112, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade further makes further uses of the expert assessment in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may display the expert assessment or store the expert assessment in a computer readable medium. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may cause the expert assessment to be transmitted to the client. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may persist the expert assessment in a database for further manipulation, processing, analysis, or storage.

At 114, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may further perform optimization on the act of determining the expert assessment of 110 in some embodiments. For example, in some embodiments where the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines the expert assessment in response to an information or data comprising an upgrade planning or an upgrade strategy, the method or the system may, based upon client's specific instructions, goals, or requirements, take into account such specific instructions, goals, or requirements to devise the expert assessment accordingly. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may so devise the expert assessment and present the result of incomplete or not fully determined reasoning by using a knowledge base.

In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade receives or identifies additional information at 116 for performing optimization at 114. In some embodiments, the additional information may comprise client's specific instructions, goals, or requirements. For example, the client may provide specific instructions that the client may prefer one specific platform running a specific operating system. Based upon these two instructions, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may determine a target version of the product which requires a high cost on the part of the client. One the other hand, the client may also communicate the specific instructions that the client would also like to control the overall cost of upgrade to a fixed amount. In this example with somewhat conflicting instructions, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may not reach a complete or fully determined reasoning or decision, but the method or the system still takes all these specific instructions, performs the optimization, and present the results.

Referring to FIG. 2 which illustrates more details of the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade. At 202, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade identifies or receives information or data regarding a client system on which the product is running in some embodiments. At 204, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade identifies one or more databases, tables, lists, or other data structures (collectively database) for persisting data in some embodiments. At 230, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade receives or identifies additional information from a defect status database. More details for the defect status database will be described in the following paragraphs.

At 206, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade receives one or more rules regarding the expert assessment of product defect or upgrade in some embodiments. At 208, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade analyzes the information or data identified or received at 202 based on the one or more rules in some embodiments. At 210, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade performs expert assessment of the product defect or upgrade.

At 212, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines whether the result of the act of determining the expert assessment at 210 is deterministic in some embodiments. For example, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may determine at 212 that whether or not it reaches a fully determined and/or complete determination based on the information or data provided. A typical non-deterministic determination comprises one where there exists some conflict in the input information or data in some embodiments. Another typical non-deterministic determination comprises one where there is insufficient input information or data for the method or system to reach a deterministic determination in some embodiments.

In some embodiments where the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade finds that the determination of the expert assessment is deterministic, the method or the system may proceed to 236 to determine the confidences of the result(s) of the determination of the expert assessment. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may use any statistical processes to determine the confidence of the result based upon the existing expert assessments previously determined and/or analyses pf historical data of such determination processes previously performed. In some embodiments, the determination of confidence of the result of the determination of expert assessment is optional.

At 214, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may proceed to further utilize or manipulate the expert assessment. More details about the utilization or manipulation of the expert assessment will be described in subsequent sections. In some embodiments whether the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade finds that the determination of the expert assessment at 210 is non-deterministic, the method or the system may proceed to 236 to determine the confidence of the non-deterministic expert assessment by using various mathematical or statistical processes as similarly discussed above. In these embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may then proceed to further utilize or manipulate the non-deterministic expert assessment at 214 as similarly discussed above.

In some embodiments where the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade finds that the result of the determination of the expert assessment at 210 is non-deterministic, the method or the system may proceed to 218 to invoke one or more processes or modules. In some of these embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may report one or more exceptions in response to the non-deterministic determination at 220. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may cause the one or more exception reports to be transmitted to human experts and calls for human expert intervention.

In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may, at 222, invoke an appropriate process or an appropriate module to identify problematic input information or input data that may have contributed to the non-deterministic determination at 210. In some of these embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade then loops back to 208 and repeats the processes or re-invokes the modules from 208. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may, at 224, request one or more actions to be performed to see if a deterministic determination may be reached. In some of these embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may, for example, request to expand the defect status database or to refine the input information or input data or other information or data at 224.

In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may request re-codification of the problem solving logic, if one is adopted, or one or more programs related to the determination process or module at 224. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may persist the one or more exceptions for further statistical analyses or historical analyses to improve the accuracy of the determination process or the determination module at 210. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may further invoke the statistical analyses or the historical data analyses to improve the accuracy of the determination process or the determination module at 210.

In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may further input additional information or data, loops back to 208, and repeats the analysis process or module at 208, the determination process or module at 210, and the determination process or module at 212 to see if the additional information would yield a deterministic determination at 212. In some embodiments, the additional information or data comprise information that is missing or not provided by the client at issue but was provided by another client with some similarity to the client to the client at issue.

For example, the client at issue may not have provided the current version of the platform, but another client which exhibits certain similarities, such as similar product, similar use of the product, or similar history in upgrades or applying fixes, with the client at issue may have provided its current version of the platform at or near the time when the client at issue provided information. In these embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may then identify and use such additional information or data for analyses at 224 and 208 and determine the expert assessment at 210 with this additional information or data. In these embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may similarly determine the confidence at 236 and may also similarly use both the non-deterministic expert assessment as well as the expert assessment determined with the additional information or data.

After the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade finishes the process 214, the method or the system proceeds to 216 to continue with further actions in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may also filter the display or report of the expert assessment at 228 based upon different criteria which comprise client's requirements for a report of expert assessment or any other recipient's requirement for such expert assessment. After the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade completes the one or more processes or modules at 218, the method or the module may proceed to 216 to continue with further actions in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may also proceed to 234 for further processing after the method or the system finishes the one or more processes or modules at 218.

Referring to FIG. 3 which illustrates more details of the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade. At 202, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade identifies or receives information or data regarding a client system on which the product is running in some embodiments. At 204, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade identifies one or more databases, tables, lists, or other data structures (collectively database) for persisting data in some embodiments.

In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may also perform, at 316, some pre-processes which comprise one or more of the following processes or modules. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade receives or identifies information or data regarding the fixes or patches for various defects on various platform running different operating system at 308. In some embodiments, the information or data so received or identified are stored in a database.

In some embodiments, the database comprises the defect status database as identified at 230. In some embodiments, the information or data regarding the fixes or patches for various defects comprise metadata, engineer comment(s), bug/defect report(s), snippets of one or more log records, trace file(s) or record(s), error message(s), response(s) from client(s), or even client's description(s) for various defect(s) for the fixes or patches. In some embodiments, the information or data regarding the fixes or patches for various defects comprise metadata, engineer comment(s), detailed information, log file(s) or record(s) for a fix or patch. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade identifies a list of defects from a database, a table, a list, or any other data structure at 310.

In some embodiments, the database, table, list, or any other data structure comprises the defect status database. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade then determines the status of fixes or patches for the list of defects previously identified at 310. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade identifies or determines the status of fixes or patches form a list, a table, a database, or any other data structure at 312. In some embodiments, the list, table, database, or any other data structure comprises the defect status database. In some embodiments as illustrated by FIG. 3, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade then persists, if it has not been done, at least some of the information or data identified, received, or determined at 308, 310, and 312 into one or more computer readable medium for future reference and analyses. In some embodiments, the process or module of 316 communicates with 202, 204, and/or 206.

At 206, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade receives one or more rules regarding the expert assessment of product defect or upgrade in some embodiments. At 208, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade analyzes the information or data identified or received at 202 based on the one or more rules in some embodiments. At 210, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade performs expert assessment of the product defect or upgrade. In some embodiments where the expert assessment comprises fixes or patches or an upgrade planning or strategy, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines whether or not the one or more fixes/patches are to be merged at 302.

In some embodiments where the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines that some of the fixes/patches may be merged, the method or the system merges the one or more fixes/patches. For example, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may find a fix or a patch actually fixes two defects at the same time, but the method or system receives or identifies only one of the two defects from the information or data from the client in response to which the method or system identifies another fix or patch for the identified defect. In this case, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may incorporate the fix or patch in the expert assessment. As another example, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may have identified or received a defect from the client and determines a fix or patch in response, but the method or system may further determine that it may be beneficial to the client to include another fix not necessarily to fix any defects but to enhance various aspects of the product. In this case, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may then “merge” the two fixes or patches into the expert assessment.

After the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade finishes the process or module at 210, the method or the system may then proceed to 304 to determine whether or not to rediscover additional information or data for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method or the system determines whether or not to rediscover additional information or data at 304 based at least in part upon the expert assessment of 210.

For example, the method or the system may base the determination at 304 on the integrity, completeness, or accuracy of the expert assessment of 210. In some embodiments where the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines that it is necessary or desirable to rediscover additional information, the method or system then receives or identifies such additional information similar to the process or module at 224 and loops back to 208 to perform analyses with the additional information or data based at least on the rules received or identified at 206. In some embodiments where the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines that it is not necessary or not desirable to rediscover additional information or data, the method or the system proceeds to 212. In some embodiments, regardless of the determination at 304 about whether or not to rediscover additional information or data at 304, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may proceed to 306 in either case.

At 306, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines whether or not there exists any conflict in the expert assessment determined at 210 in some embodiments. In some embodiments where the method or the system determines that there exists at least one conflict, the method or the system may proceed to 304 to determine whether or not to rediscover additional information or data and/or whether or not the additional information or data may resolve the conflict at 306. In some embodiments where the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines that there exists no conflict in the expert assessment of 210, the method or the system proceeds to 212.

At 212, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines whether the result of the act of determining the expert assessment at 210 is deterministic in some embodiments. In some embodiments where the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade finds that the determination of the expert assessment is deterministic, the method or the system may proceed to 236 to determine the confidences of the result(s) of the determination of the expert assessment. At 214, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may proceed to further utilize or manipulate the expert assessment.

After the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade finishes the process 214, the method or the system proceeds to 216 to continue with further actions in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may also filter the display or report of the expert assessment at 228 based upon different criteria which comprise client's requirements for a report of expert assessment or any other recipient's requirement for such expert assessment. In some embodiments where the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade finds that the result of the determination of the expert assessment at 210 is non-deterministic, the method or the system may proceed to 218 to invoke one or more processes or modules. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may also proceed to 234 for further processing after the method or the system finishes the one or more processes or modules at 218.

Referring to FIG. 4 which illustrates more details of the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade. At 202, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade identifies or receives information or data regarding a client system on which the product is running in some embodiments. At 402, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade further identifies a context database which comprises context information in some embodiments.

In some embodiments, the context information comprises information about a component of the client's platform, where the component is not part of the product but may be problematic in causing one or more issues of incompatibility, stability, or performance. In some embodiments, the context information comprises information other than the information or data received or identified at 202. In some embodiments, the context information may be used to assist the analyses at 208, the determination at 210, the merge decision at 302, the rediscovery decision at 304, or the conflict decision at 306. For example, the context information may comprise one or more other processes or modules on the client's platform while some of these processes or modules may be known to cause issues with some aspect of the product. In this case, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may then use this context information to aid its processes at various stages.

At 204, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade identifies one or more databases, tables, lists, or other data structures (collectively database) for persisting data in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade receives or identifies information or data regarding the fixes or patches for various defects on various platform running different operating system at 308. In some embodiments, the information or data so received or identified are stored in a database. In some embodiments, the database comprises the defect status database as identified at 230. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade identifies a list of defects from a database, a table, a list, or any other data structure at 310. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade identifies or determines the status of fixes or patches form a list, a table, a database, or any other data structure at 312.

At 206, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade receives one or more rules regarding the expert assessment of product defect or upgrade in some embodiments. At 208, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade analyzes the information or data identified or received at 202 based on the one or more rules in some embodiments. At 210, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade performs expert assessment of the product defect or upgrade. In some embodiments where the expert assessment comprises fixes or patches or an upgrade planning or strategy, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines whether or not the one or more fixes/patches are to be merged at 302. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may optionally perform optimization on the expert assessment.

For example, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may iteratively determines a relatively optimal expert assessment based on information or data such as the information or data identified or received at 202, the context information of 402, the result of the pre-processes of 316, the rediscovery determination at 304, the conflict determination of 306, or the deterministic determination of 212. In various embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may take into account various criteria or factors such as the client's goals, requirements, constraints, or conditions in optimizing the expert assessment in response.

After the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade finishes the process or module at 210, the method or the system may then proceed to 304 to determine whether or not to rediscover additional information or data for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade in some embodiments. In some embodiments where the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines that it is necessary or desirable to rediscover additional information, the method or system then receives or identifies such additional information similar to the process or module at 224 and loops back to 208 to perform analyses with the additional information or data based at least on the rules received or identified at 206.

In some embodiments where the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines that it is not necessary or not desirable to rediscover additional information or data, the method or the system proceeds to 212. In some embodiments, regardless of the determination at 304 about whether or not to rediscover additional information or data at 304, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may proceed to 306 in either case. At 306, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines whether or not there exists any conflict in the expert assessment determined at 210 in some embodiments. In some embodiments where the method or the system determines that there exists at least one conflict, the method or the system may proceed to 304 to determine whether or not to rediscover additional information or data and/or whether or not the additional information or data may resolve the conflict at 306. In some embodiments where the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines that there exists no conflict in the expert assessment of 210, the method or the system proceeds to 212.

At 212, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines whether the result of the act of determining the expert assessment at 210 is deterministic in some embodiments. In some embodiments where the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade finds that the determination of the expert assessment is deterministic, the method or the system may proceed to 236 to determine the confidences of the result(s) of the determination of the expert assessment.

At 214, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may proceed to further utilize or manipulate the expert assessment. After the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade finishes the process 214, the method or the system proceeds to 216 to continue with further actions in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may also filter the display or report of the expert assessment at 228 based upon different criteria which comprise client's requirements for a report of expert assessment or any other recipient's requirement for such expert assessment. In some embodiments where the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade finds that the result of the determination of the expert assessment at 210 is non-deterministic, the method or the system may proceed to 218 to invoke one or more processes or modules. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may also proceed to 234 for further processing after the method or the system finishes the one or more processes or modules at 218.

Referring to FIG. 5 which illustrates more details of the preprocessing module of the system or the preprocessing process of the method for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade. It shall be noted that at least some of these processes of the method and at least some of the modules of the system need not be performed in the order in which they are described below. At 502, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade receives or identifies a list of fixes or patches in some embodiments.

At 503, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines or identifies a list of defects in some embodiments. At 506, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines or identifies a list of versions of the products, or operating systems in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the list of versions comprises one or more target versions of the products or the operating systems. In some embodiments, the list of versions comprises one or more current versions of the products or the operating systems.

At 508, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines or identifies a list of platforms in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the list of defects, the list of versions, or the list of platforms is persisted in the database that is dynamically maintained. At 510, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines or identifies whether a defect from the list of defects is fixed.

At 512, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines the status of fixes or patches for the defect in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the status of fixes of patches for the defect comprises an indication that the defect has already been fixed in the target version that the client desires. In some embodiments, the status of fixes of patches for the defect comprises an indication that one or more fixes or patches are currently available for the defect, 514. In some embodiments, the status of fixes of patches for the defect comprises an indication that the defect has not been fixed so no fix or patch is currently available, but a fix or a patch will be available at some future date, 516.

In some embodiments, this may indicate that a fix or a patch for the defect is currently being worked on, 518. In some embodiments, the status of fixes of patches for the defect comprises an indication that the defect has not been fixed, and there is no currently plan to release a fix or a patch for the defect, 520. In some embodiments, the status of fixes of patches for the defect comprises an indication that the method or the system cannot deterministically determine whether a fix or a patch is available for the defect or whether the reported defect is in fact a defect, 522. In some embodiments, the status of fixes of patches for the defect comprises an indication that the defect ceases to constitute a defect, and there is no need for a fix or a patch for the defect, 524.

Referring to FIG. 6 which illustrates more details of the further processing module of the system or the further processing process of the method for implementing expert assessment of defect fixes upgrade. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may rediscover or re-gather the subject matter expert knowledge or any other additional information or data for the subject matter of interest at 602. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may perform statistical analyses or analyses of historical data while taking the current expert assessment into consideration at 604.

In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may choose to supplement or expand the one or more databases at 608. In some embodiments, the one or more databases are used for processing or facilitating the intelligence behavior of the method or the system or for inferencing. In some embodiments, the one or more databases are used by the method or the system for mimicking human expert reasoning or inferencing. In some embodiments, the one or more databases are used for analyses of information of the client's platform based on the one or more rules previously identified or received while taking the non-deterministic determination of the expert assessment.

In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may further supplement knowledge declarations while taking the current expert assessment into consideration at 606. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may supplement the rule base or the knowledge base based at least in part upon the current expert assessment and/or the non-deterministic determination of the expert assessment. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade may determine whether or not the current expert assessment renders any rules admissible or derivable. In some embodiments, an admissible rule is one whose conclusion holds whenever the premises hold. In some embodiments, a derivable rule is one whose conclusion may be derived from its premises using one or more other rules. It may be seen that all such derivable rules are admissible. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines whether or not the current expert assessment renders any rules inadmissible.

At 616, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines whether or not to codify or make changes due to a non-deterministic result in the determination of expert assessment in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines whether to codify or make changes to the analysis engine, if employed by the method or the system. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines whether or not to codify or make changes to a problem solving engine, process, or module, if employed by the method or the system. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines whether to codify or make changes to an inference engine, if employed by the method or the system.

In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade determines whether or not to codify or make changes to the decision logic, if employed by the method or the system. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade performs mathematical, statistical, historical, or empirical analyses of the information regarding the defects based upon the non-deterministic determination of the expert assessment at 614. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade uses the analyses at 614 to improve the accuracy of the results of determining the expert assessment. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade uses artificial intelligence process(es) or module(s) such as a learning process or a learning module to determine whether the accuracy of the determination of the expert assessment may be improved or to improve such accuracy at 612. In some embodiments, the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade invokes the decision logic to determine whether the accuracy of the determination of the expert assessment may be improved or to improve such accuracy at 618.

Referring to FIG. 7 which illustrates the information or data which may be utilized as an input for the method or system for implementing expert assessment of product defect or upgrade. In some embodiments, the information or data may comprise information or data of the inventory of the client's platform, 702. In some embodiments, the information or data may comprise information or data of the inventory of the client's platform, 702. In some embodiments, the inventory comprises one or more current versions of the client's platform(s), 704. In some embodiments, the inventory comprises one or more current versions of the client's platform(s) or product(s), 704. In some embodiments, the inventory comprises one or more current versions of the operating system(s) of client's platform(s), 706.

In some embodiments, the inventory comprises the inventory of fixes or patches which have been applied to the product(s) on the client's platform(s), 708. In some embodiments, the inventory comprises context information of the client's platform(s), operating system(s), or product(s), 710. In some embodiments, the information or data comprise the target information, 712. In some embodiments, the target information comprises one or more target versions of the client's platform(s) or product(s) that the client desires to acquire, 714. In some embodiments, the target information comprises one or more target versions of the operating system(s) for the client's platform(s) which the client desires to acquire, 716. In some embodiments, the target information comprises context information of the target operating system(s), the target platform(s), or the target product(s) which the client desires to acquire, 718.

Some embodiments use software products in the above description merely for illustration and ease of explanation purposes only and do not intend to limit the scope of various embodiments. Some embodiments also use fixes or patches as the expert assessment to defects for illustration and ease of explanation purposes only and do not intend to limit the scope of various embodiments. One of ordinary skills in the art will clearly understand that various methods, processes, systems, or machines disclosed herein may equally well apply to other types of products and other types of expert assessment.

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW

FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram of an illustrative computing system 1400 suitable for implementing an embodiment of the present invention. Computer system 1400 includes a bus 1406 or other communication mechanism for communicating information, which interconnects subsystems and devices, such as processor 1407, system memory 1408 (e.g., RAM), static storage device 1409 (e.g., ROM), disk drive 1410 (e.g., magnetic or optical), communication interface 1414 (e.g., modem or Ethernet card), display 1411 (e.g., CRT or LCD), input device 1412 (e.g., keyboard), and cursor control (not shown).

According to one embodiment of the invention, computer system 1400 performs specific operations by processor 1407 executing one or more sequences of one or more instructions contained in system memory 1408. Such instructions may be read into system memory 1408 from another computer readable/usable medium, such as static storage device 1409 or disk drive 1410. In alternative embodiments, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to implement the invention. Thus, embodiments of the invention are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and/or software. In one embodiment, the term “logic” shall mean any combination of software or hardware that is used to implement all or part of the invention.

The term “computer readable medium” or “computer usable medium” as used herein refers to any medium that participates in providing instructions to processor 1407 for execution. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media, and volatile media media. Non-volatile media includes, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as disk drive 1410. Volatile media includes dynamic memory, such as system memory 1408.

Common forms of computer readable media includes, for example, floppy disk, flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, RAM, PROM, EPROM, FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, or any other medium from which a computer can read.

In an embodiment of the invention, execution of the sequences of instructions to practice the invention is performed by a single computer system 1400. According to other embodiments of the invention, two or more computer systems 1400 coupled by communication link 1415 (e.g., LAN, PTSN, or wireless network) may perform the sequence of instructions required to practice the invention in coordination with one another.

Computer system 1400 may transmit and receive messages, data, and instructions, including program, i.e., application code, through communication link 1415 and communication interface 1414. Received program code may be executed by processor 1407 as it is received, and/or stored in disk drive 1410, or other non-volatile storage for later execution. Computer system 1400 may also interact with a database system 1432 via a data interface 1433 where the computer system 1400 may store and retrieve information or data of the electronic design into and from the database system.

In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the above-described process flows are described with reference to a particular ordering of process actions. However, the ordering of many of the described process actions may be changed without affecting the scope or operation of the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense. Moreover, unless otherwise explicitly stated, various processes need not be performed in order to achieve the intended purpose(s) in the order as they are described in the foregoing specification. Similarly, unless otherwise explicitly stated, various modules or parts of the system need not be invoked in the order they are described in the foregoing specification in order to achieve the intended purpose(s). 

1. A machine-implemented method for implementing an expert assessment of a product upgrade using one or more reasoning rules, the method comprising: receiving target information, the target information comprising at least one or more target versions of the product; identifying or receiving information regarding a client system; identifying or receiving a list of defects from a database, the list of defects including defects that have been fixed in the target version; analyzing, using a computer, the information regarding the client system based at least in part upon the one or more reasoning rules; determining the expert assessment of the product upgrade based at least in part upon a result of the act of analyzing the information regarding the client system using the at least one of the one or more reasoning rules; and storing the expert assessment of the product upgrade in a computer readable medium.
 2. The machine-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the expert assessment is related to a defect or upgrade of the product.
 3. The machine-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: optimizing the expert assessment.
 4. The machine-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the act of optimizing the expert assessment is based at least in part upon an additional information.
 5. The machine-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the additional information comprises an upgrade plan or an upgrade strategy, a specific instruction by a client, or a goal of the client.
 6. The machine-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the expert assessment is based on incomplete reasoning or not fully determined reasoning.
 7. The machine-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: determining whether a result of the act of determining the expert assessment is deterministic.
 8. The machine-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising: determining a confidence of a result of the act of determining the expert assessment.
 9. The machine-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising one or more of: reporting an exception; identify a problematic input which contributes to a non-deterministic result of the act of determining the expert assessment; requesting an action to improve the non-deterministic result of the act of determining the expert assessment; and identifying or receiving additional information for the act of analyzing the information regarding the client system, wherein the result of the act of determining the expert assessment is non-deterministic.
 10. The machine-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: pre-processing the information regarding the client system or a second information.
 11. The machine-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the act of pre-processing comprises one or more of the following acts: receiving or identifying the information or the second information that is related to one or more fixes or patches; identifying a list of defects; and determining a status of the one or more fixes or patches.
 12. The machine-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the act of determining the expert assessment comprises: determining whether or not a plurality of fixes may be merged.
 13. The machine-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: determining whether or not there exists a conflict in the expert assessment.
 14. The machine-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: rediscovering more information for the act of analyzing the information regarding the client system or for the act of determining the expert assessment.
 15. The machine-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving or identifying a context information which comprises information about another component which is not part of the product.
 16. The machine-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the result of the act of determining the expert assessment is non-deterministic, the machine-implemented method further comprises: performing a statistical analysis or a historical analysis while taking the expert assessment into consideration.
 17. The machine-implemented method of claim 16, further comprising: supplementing a knowledge declaration, a rule base, or one or more databases comprising the information regarding the client system or other information used for the act of analyzing the information regarding the client system or for the act of determining the expert assessment.
 18. The machine-implemented method of claim 17, wherein the act of supplementing the knowledge declaration, the rule base, or one or more databases is performed without modifying one or more executable programs of the product.
 19. The machine-implemented method of claim 16, further comprising: modifying at least one executable program based at least upon a result of the act of determining whether the result of the act of determining the expert assessment is deterministic.
 20. The machine-implemented method of claim 16, further comprising: re-performing the act of analyzing the information while taking the expert assessment into consideration; or invoking one or more artificial intelligence processes to improve the result of the act of determining the expert assessment.
 21. The machine-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the information regarding the client system comprises a client inventory or a target information.
 22. The machine-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the client inventory comprises: a current version of a client platform; one or more current versions of an operating system together with which the product runs; or an inventory of fixes applied.
 23. The machine-implemented method of claim 21, in which the target information comprises: a target version of a target platform on which the product runs; a target version of the target platform together with which the product runs; or a target context information.
 24. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-usable storage medium having executable code to execute a process for implementing an expert assessment of a product upgrade using one or more reasoning rules, the process comprising: receiving target information, the target information comprising at least one or more target versions of the product; identifying or receiving information regarding a client system; identifying or receiving a list of defects from a database, the list of defects including defects that have been fixed in the target version; analyzing, using a computer, the information regarding the client system based at least in part upon the one or more reasoning rules; determining the expert assessment of the product upgrade based at least in part upon a result of the act of analyzing the information regarding the client system using the at least one of the one or more reasoning rules; and storing the expert assessment of the product upgrade in a computer readable medium.
 25. The computer program product of claim 24, wherein the expert assessment is related to a defect or upgrade of the product.
 26. The computer program product of claim 24, further comprising: optimizing the expert assessment.
 27. The computer program product of claim 24, wherein the expert assessment is based on incomplete reasoning or not fully determined reasoning.
 28. The computer program product of claim 24, further comprising: determining whether a result of the act of determining the expert assessment is deterministic.
 29. The computer program product of claim 24, further comprising: pre-processing the information regarding the client system or a second information.
 30. The computer program product of claim 24, wherein the act of determining the expert assessment comprises: determining whether or not a plurality of fixes may be merged.
 31. The computer program product of claim 24, further comprising: determining whether or not there exists a conflict in the expert assessment.
 32. A system for implementing an expert assessment of a product upgrade using one or more reasoning rules, the process comprising: a communication module configured for receiving target information, the target information comprising at least one or more target versions of the product; a processor configured for , identifying or receiving information regarding a client system; identifying or receiving a list of defects from a database, the list of defects including defects that have been fixed in the target version; analyzing, using a computer, the information regarding the client system based at least in part upon the one or more reasoning rules; determining the expert assessment of the product upgrade based at least in part upon a result of the act of analyzing the information regarding the client system using the at least one of the one or more reasoning rules; and a computer-usable storage medium for storing the expert assessment of the product upgrade in a computer readable medium.
 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the expert assessment is related to a defect or upgrade of the product.
 34. The system of claim 32, further comprising: optimizing the expert assessment.
 35. The system of claim 32, wherein the expert assessment is based on incomplete reasoning or not fully determined reasoning.
 36. The system of claim 32, further comprising: determining whether a result of the act of determining the expert assessment is deterministic.
 37. The system of claim 32 further comprising: pre-processing the information regarding the client system or a second information.
 38. The system of claim 32, wherein the act of determining the expert assessment comprises: determining whether or not a plurality of fixes may be merged.
 39. The system of claim 32, further comprising: determining whether or not there exists a conflict in the expert assessment. 